References for video "Fast Food in the Black Community"
- Michelle Adams
- Nov 2, 2024
- 5 min read
Updated: Mar 26
References (generally) listed by appearance in video
Celebrity endorsements:
Celebrities With Signature Fast Food Meals and Merch
February 15, 2022
Lacey Muszynsk
11 Celebrities With Their Own Fast Food Meal
Kory Alden
February 7, 2024
The Year Celeb Meal Deals Got Weird
Nov 30, 2023
Emily Kirkpatrick
Fast-Food and Celebrities| The Rise of Celebrity Fast-Food Meals In The 2020s
Sep 18, 2023
Shola Osiyemi
McDonald’s | The Travis Scott Meal
9 nov 2020
Channel: VCU Brandcenter
Popeyes x Megan Thee Stallion Hottie Sauce - 15s Trailer
14 oct 2021
Channel: PopeyesSingapore
Saweetie x McDonald's
10 ago 2021
Channel: Hamelin Music and Marketing
Ads Mariah Carey "The Mariah Menu' (McDonald's0 2021)
7 dic 2021
Channel: MitsMots
Cardi B & Offset McDonald's Commercial 2023 (HD Remastered) (HD Audio)
17 feb 2023
Channel: Diamond Perry
(This video has since been removed from YouTube. Below is an updated link for the Cardi B and Offset commercial)
The Cardi B & Offset Meal | McDonald's Commercial | Best Commercials
Channel: Best Commercials
8 mar 2023
Burger King Commercial 2021 - (USA)
14 sept 2021
Channel: SN
Wingstop | Latto's Lemon Herb Remix | Agency: 72andSunny
28 jul 2023
Channel: Bóng Đèn
Snoop Dogg Munchie Meal - Jack in the Box Commercial
7 jun 2023
Channel: Keep Calm and Manifest
Cube’s Munchie Meal | BTS | Jack in the Box
27 jun 2024
Channel: Jack in the Box
NUEVA Shaq-a-Roni | ¡Comparte a lo GRANDE!
24 oct 2023
Channel: Papa Johns España
Michael Jordan McDonalds Might Wings Commercial 1993
8 feb 2022
Channel: MJ23 His Airness Forever
POPEYES | POPEYES LOUISIANA KITCHEN COMMERCIAL 2024 | JIMMY O. YANG | POPEYES HAS BONELESS WINGS
24 jun 2024
Channel: COMMENT ON COMMERCIALS 2
The BTS Meal is here!
26 may 2021
Channel: McDonald's Australia
The KFC x Jack Harlow Meal
2 jun 2022
Channel: KFC
CÎROC is for the culture
12 feb 2018
Channel: Diddy
Saweetie - My Type [Official Music Video]
3 jul 2019
Channel: Official Saweetie
Planet Fitness: Megan Thee Stallion is Mother Fitness
29 dic 2023
Channel: Candide Attard
Articles and research on fast food advertising and its effects:
Fast Food Facts
Food Advertising to Children and Teens Score
June 2021
Harris, JL, Fleming-Milici, F, Phaneuf, L, et al.
UConn Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity
Rudd Center: New Study Finds Fast-Food Companies Spending More on Advertising, Disproportionately Targeting Black and Latino Youth
June 17, 2021
Kristin Messina
Source of quote from Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Ph.D, M.P.H.:
New Study Shows Unhealthy Food Advertising Continues to Disproportionately Target Consumers of Color
Carson Hardee, UConn Rudd Center
November 16, 2022
Image source: Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Ph.D, M.P.H.
Smith R, Kelly B, Yeatman H, Boyland E. Food Marketing Influences Children's Attitudes, Preferences and Consumption: A Systematic Critical Review. Nutrients. 2019 Apr 18;11(4):875.
Potvin Kent M, Bagnato M, Amson A, Remedios L, Pritchard M, Sabir S, Gillis G, Pauzé E, Vanderlee L, White C, Hammond D. #junkfluenced: the marketing of unhealthy food and beverages by social media influencers popular with Canadian children on YouTube, Instagram and TikTok. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2024 Apr 11;21(1):37.
Childhood Obesity Facts
CDC
April 2, 2024
Ling J, Chen S, Zahry NR, Kao TA. Economic burden of childhood overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2023 Feb;24(2):e13535.
Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Afful J. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity among children and adolescents aged 2–19 years: United States, 1963–1965 through 2017–2018. NCHS Health E-Stats. 2020
Simmonds M, Llewellyn A, Owen CG, Woolacott N. Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2016 Feb;17(2):95-107.
Paul C. Coleman, Petra Hanson, Thijs van Rens, Oyinlola Oyebode. A rapid review of the evidence for children’s TV and online advertisement restrictions to fight obesity. Preventive Medicine Reports. Volume 26, 2022, 101717, ISSN 2211-3355,
The wealth gap:
Households With a White, Non-Hispanic Householder Were Ten Times Wealthier Than Those With a Black Householder in 2021
April 23, 2024
Authors: Briana Sullivan, Donald Hays, and Neil Bennett
United States Census Bureau
Black wealth is increasing, but so is the racial wealth gap
Andre M. Perry, Hannah Stephens, and Manann Donoghoe
January 9, 2024
Health disparities:
Hales CM, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States, 2017–2018. NCHS Data Brief, no 360. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2020
Lofton H, Ard JD, Hunt RR, Knight MG. Obesity among African American people in the United States: A review. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2023 Feb;31(2):306-315.
Fast food access in Black communities:
Block JP, Scribner RA, DeSalvo KB. Fast food, race/ethnicity, and income: a geographic analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2004 Oct;27(3):211-7.
James P, Arcaya MC, Parker DM, Tucker-Seeley RD, Subramanian SV. Do minority and poor neighborhoods have higher access to fast-food restaurants in the United States? Health Place. 2014 Sep;29:10-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4783380/
The history of McDonalds:
Wikipedia articles/Wikimedia (sources for visuals too): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s
Image source McDonalds Brothers:
How fast food “became black”
Cynthia Greenlee
Jan 10, 2020
When McDonald's Was A Road To Black Liberation
Gene Demby
February 4, 2020
Desegregating McDonald’s
Marcia Chatelain
Jan 9, 2020
'Supersizing Urban America': How U.S. Policies Encouraged Fast Food To Spread
Tove Danovich
June 15, 2017
Wikipedia - source for photos from civil rights movement
Books:
Link to Marcia Chatelain’s book: https://www.amazon.com/Franchise-Golden-Arches-Black-America/dp/1631493949
Link to Naa Oyo A. Kwater’s book: https://www.amazon.com/White-Burgers-Black-Cash-Exploitation/dp/1517911109
Link to Chin Jou’s book: https://www.amazon.com/Supersizing-Urban-America-Cities-Government-ebook/dp/B06WWRPB8Q
Food desert vs. food swamp:
Cooksey-Stowers K, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Food Swamps Predict Obesity Rates Better Than Food Deserts in the United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Nov 14;14(11):1366.
The NBMOA:
Image source for Herman Petty and information about the organization:
National Black McDonald’s Operators Association (NBMOA)
2020
McDonald’s CEO salary:
McDonald's CEO Chris Kempczinski got a raise last year
Jonathan Maze
Apr. 03, 2024
Racism within McDonald’s:
McDonald’s Franchise Owners Alleging Anti-Black Racism Protest in West Loop
Naomi Waxman
Feb 26, 2021
How McDonald’s Made Enemies of Black Franchisees
Susan Berfield
December 17, 2021
Image source for Herb Washington smiling between the Golden Arches:
Former A’s player Herb Washington files civil rights lawsuit against McDonald’s
Alex Coffey
Feb 16, 2021
Image source Herb Washington with bat:
McDonald's settles Herb Washington lawsuit by buying franchises for $33.5 million
Rochester Democrat and Chronicle
Jan 11, 2022
Big Mac racism at McDonald’s
Whitney Gresham and Trevor W. Coleman II at The Michigan Chronicle
Jul 9, 2020
Letter from Larry Tripplett on behalf of the NMBOA directed at McDonalds executives
Case: 1:20-cv-05132 Document #: 30-6 Filed: 11/16/20 Page 2 of 5 PageID #:1186
Image source Larry Tripplett:
Larry C. Tripplett explains how NBMOA aids African American McDonald’s owners
May 23, 2020
Peiffer Wolf: Most Successful Black McDonald’s Franchise Operator Faces Racial Discrimination, Forced to Sell 7 Stores to White Owners
February 16, 2021
Source of quote: “create and implement a strategy designed to achieve parity for African American franchisees.”
Source of 1996 letter from Thomas S. Dentice:
Case: 1:20-cv-06447 Document #: 1 Filed: 10/29/20 Page 32 of 63 PageID #:32
McDonalds and Chipotle history and revenue:
"McDonald's sets October deadline to sell Chipotle stock". Denver Business Journal. July 25, 2006. Archived from the original on July 23, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
Chipotle founder had big dreams
Rachel Brand, Rocky Mountain News
Saturday, December 23, 2006
CHIPOTLE ANNOUNCES FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR 2023 RESULTS
Feb. 6, 2024
McDONALD'S REPORTS FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR 2023 RESULTS
2/5/2024
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